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Morphometric disparity in European lineages of gobies (Gobiidae)
Bílá, Kristina Beatrix ; Vukićová, Jasna (advisor) ; Frýdlová, Petra (referee)
Gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiiformes), are a remarkable group of fishes, not only because they are the most species-rich order of bony fishes (Teleostei), but also due to their extraordinary ability to colonize different types of environments. As a consequence, they evolved a variety of morphological shapes. The aim of this work was to reveal whether the European evolutionary lineages of gobies evolved ecomorphs through repeated colonisation of the same types of microhabitats, i.e. whether morphology (body shape) is influenced by niche, and what role convergent evolution plays in adaptation to different types of environments. For this purpose i made quantification and comparison of body shape using the methods of geometric morphometry. The results of this work showed that convergent evolution has occurred in four out of the six ecological groups of studied gobies, i.e., that their shape is influenced by the environment they inhabit and their way of life, regardless of lineage affiliation and phylogenetic relationships. Convergent evolution has been revealed in hyperbenthic, nektonic, marine epibenthic and freshwater epibenthic species. In contrast, convergent evolution has not been proven in euryhaline epibenthic species, nor in cryptobenthic species of gobies. Key words: geometric morphometry,...
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Parasitation of the European marine gobies (Gobiidae, Perciformes) by metazoan parasites
Slámová, Tereza ; Vukićová, Jasna (advisor) ; Mašová, Šárka (referee)
Gobiidae (Teleostei, Perciformes) is one of the most species-rich families of teleost fishes, comprising over 1,700 species currently recognized. They inhabit marine waters worldwide, with the exception of the Arctic and Antarctic regions, but also brackish and freshwater habitats. Mostly, they live inconspicuously on the bottom. They are usually small-sized, so they are suitable intermediate hosts in the transfer of parasites to larger fishes, or to birds and mammals. The main metazoan groups of parasites of gobies are Myxozoa, Monogenea, Digenea, Cestoda, Nematoda, Acanthocephala and Crustacea. Their life cycles and the known impact of parasites on fish physiology, fitness, behaviour and mortality are described. Additional effects on goby hosts such as the effect on reproduction and the effect on a female mate choice are mentioned, as well. The immunity response of fish to parasitation is briefly discussed. Finally, some special cases like parasitism in brackish and eutrophicated waters, and a difference in parasitation of gobies in protected and unprotected areas are discussed. Published works about parasitation of European marine gobies are scattered and usually are focussed on a single parasite species or group. The effects of a parasite on a goby are rarely described. Only some parts of...
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Review of knowledge on the Mediterranean marine gobies
Chalupecká, Katarína ; Vukićová, Jasna (advisor) ; Petrtýl, Miloslav (referee)
Gobies (Gobiidae, Perciformes) are small, inconspicuous fishes occupying marine, brackish and freshwater environments. They are very abundant group, with more than 1,700 species and around 260 genera currently recognised. Gobies have worldwide geographical distribution in coastal waters with exceptions of Arctic and Antarctic areas. More than half species occur in tropical seas. In the Mediterranean Sea, 61 species are known up to date, which inhabit four main types of habitats: benthic, cryptobenthic, hyperbenthic and nektonic. The European gobies were assigned to three distinct lineages. In all these lineages, north-east Atlantic and Mediterranean species are placed together, which evidences common evolution of the gobies from these two water masses. A variety of ecological and biological traits can be seen within each of the European goby lineage. The nectonic way of life evolved three times independently in the course of evolution. Although Gobiidae are the most specious fish family in the Mediterranean, there is still little information about most of the species. In some cases, the assumption on geographical distribution is based just on several findings. The life-span and reproduction is known for about one third of species. This work is a summarization of the published data about the gobies...
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Comparison of the genetic variability of geographically distant populations of selected species of European marine gobies
Chalupecká, Katarína ; Vukićová, Jasna (advisor) ; Rovatsos, Michail (referee)
Gobies (Gobiidae, Actinopterygii) are small, predominantly cryptic, marine, brackish and freshwater fishes. They abundantly inhabit coastal waters, although their occurrence is far from being mapped due to their inconspicity, often hidden lifestyle and a lack of commercial use. Information about distribution of many species is therefore still rather poor. Many species are known only from a few locations scattered throughout the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic. This suggests that most species could actually have a relatively continuous distribution area. Comparing the genetic variability of geographically distant populations of the same species can help to detect whether there is some population subdivision and whether populations are genetically isolated from each other. The aim of my thesis was to compare genetic variability of the populations of eight goby species: Corcyrogobius liechtensteini, Gobius cruentatus, Gobius geniporus, Gobius incognitus, Chromogobius quadrivittatus, Chromogobius zebratus, Millerigobius macrocephalus and Zebrus zebrus within Mediterranean Sea and north-eastern Atlantic Ocean. Samples used in this work were collected from two Atlantic (Spain and Portugal) and seven Mediterranean localities (France, Sicily, Croatia, Montenegro, Greece, and Cyprus - northern and...
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Reasons and consequences of round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) invasion into the inland waters of Europe and North America
Starý, Vojtěch ; Čech, Martin (advisor) ; Vukićová, Jasna (referee)
Since the end of 1980s there is an ongoing massive invasion of fish from the family Gobiidae. The most widespread and aggressive of these fish is round goby (Neogobius melanostomus). Its natural habitat is area around Black and Caspian Seas, but nowadays it is already common in most of the European rivers, Baltic Sea and in the system of the North American Great Lakes. The main reason of the spreading is transport of ballast water from its natural habitat. The success of its invasion is due to the high tolerance to various factors like temperature, salinity, amount of oxygen in water, food sources and bottom substrates. Presence of the round goby in newly invaded rivers is beneficial for fish-eating predators. On the other hand competitors are highly disadvantaged as they lose in the fight with round goby over food, shelters and places for spawning and therefore, they are forced to live in less suitable habitats which leads to the decrease of their abundance. In recently colonized areas the round goby has much higher abundance than in its original habitats. The highest abundance is in the North America, where the round goby is causing the most noticeable change in the ecosystem. For this reason it is extensively studied mainly in the North America. Keywords: Gobiidae, Neogobius melanostomus,...
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Comparison of the genetic variability of geographically distant populations of selected species of European marine gobies
Chalupecká, Katarína ; Vukićová, Jasna (advisor) ; Rovatsos, Michail (referee)
Gobies (Gobiidae, Actinopterygii) are small, predominantly cryptic, marine, brackish and freshwater fishes. They abundantly inhabit coastal waters, although their occurrence is far from being mapped due to their inconspicity, often hidden lifestyle and a lack of commercial use. Information about distribution of many species is therefore still rather poor. Many species are known only from a few locations scattered throughout the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic. This suggests that most species could actually have a relatively continuous distribution area. Comparing the genetic variability of geographically distant populations of the same species can help to detect whether there is some population subdivision and whether populations are genetically isolated from each other. The aim of my thesis was to compare genetic variability of the populations of eight goby species: Corcyrogobius liechtensteini, Gobius cruentatus, Gobius geniporus, Gobius incognitus, Chromogobius quadrivittatus, Chromogobius zebratus, Millerigobius macrocephalus and Zebrus zebrus within Mediterranean Sea and north-eastern Atlantic Ocean. Samples used in this work were collected from two Atlantic (Spain and Portugal) and seven Mediterranean localities (France, Sicily, Croatia, Montenegro, Greece, and Cyprus - northern and...
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Parasitation of the European marine gobies (Gobiidae, Perciformes) by metazoan parasites
Slámová, Tereza ; Vukićová, Jasna (advisor) ; Mašová, Šárka (referee)
Gobiidae (Teleostei, Perciformes) is one of the most species-rich families of teleost fishes, comprising over 1,700 species currently recognized. They inhabit marine waters worldwide, with the exception of the Arctic and Antarctic regions, but also brackish and freshwater habitats. Mostly, they live inconspicuously on the bottom. They are usually small-sized, so they are suitable intermediate hosts in the transfer of parasites to larger fishes, or to birds and mammals. The main metazoan groups of parasites of gobies are Myxozoa, Monogenea, Digenea, Cestoda, Nematoda, Acanthocephala and Crustacea. Their life cycles and the known impact of parasites on fish physiology, fitness, behaviour and mortality are described. Additional effects on goby hosts such as the effect on reproduction and the effect on a female mate choice are mentioned, as well. The immunity response of fish to parasitation is briefly discussed. Finally, some special cases like parasitism in brackish and eutrophicated waters, and a difference in parasitation of gobies in protected and unprotected areas are discussed. Published works about parasitation of European marine gobies are scattered and usually are focussed on a single parasite species or group. The effects of a parasite on a goby are rarely described. Only some parts of...
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Review of knowledge on the Mediterranean marine gobies
Chalupecká, Katarína ; Vukićová, Jasna (advisor) ; Petrtýl, Miloslav (referee)
Gobies (Gobiidae, Perciformes) are small, inconspicuous fishes occupying marine, brackish and freshwater environments. They are very abundant group, with more than 1,700 species and around 260 genera currently recognised. Gobies have worldwide geographical distribution in coastal waters with exceptions of Arctic and Antarctic areas. More than half species occur in tropical seas. In the Mediterranean Sea, 61 species are known up to date, which inhabit four main types of habitats: benthic, cryptobenthic, hyperbenthic and nektonic. The European gobies were assigned to three distinct lineages. In all these lineages, north-east Atlantic and Mediterranean species are placed together, which evidences common evolution of the gobies from these two water masses. A variety of ecological and biological traits can be seen within each of the European goby lineage. The nectonic way of life evolved three times independently in the course of evolution. Although Gobiidae are the most specious fish family in the Mediterranean, there is still little information about most of the species. In some cases, the assumption on geographical distribution is based just on several findings. The life-span and reproduction is known for about one third of species. This work is a summarization of the published data about the gobies...
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